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- WORLD, Page 83SOVIET UNIONLife in a Weary Land
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- After the quake, political unrest may rise in Armenia
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- Many painful and poignant images have emerged from
- earthquake-devastated Armenia, but one scene last week seemed to
- capture perfectly the changes that the tragedy has wrought in
- the Soviet Union. There, at the same table in the Armenian
- capital of Yerevan, sat Soviet Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov,
- representing a state that officially avows atheism, and Nobel
- peace laureate Mother Teresa, founder of the Roman Catholic
- Society of the Missionaries of Charity and one among 2,000
- foreign volunteers taking part in the unprecedented relief
- effort. The tiny, veiled nun nodded approvingly as the
- Communist official showed her a new information bulletin created
- to help reunite missing family members. It was an unusual
- concordat of hearts, if not of minds, that would have been
- inconceivable before the disaster opened Armenia to the world.
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- With hope fading that any survivors remained buried in the
- rubble, many of the doctors, rescue squads, fire fighters and
- dog handlers who had converged on the ravaged cities of
- Leninakan and Spitak from around the globe began to head home
- last week. Ryzhkov, who spent 13 days in the area as head of a
- special Politburo commission supervising the relief efforts,
- offered a grim tally before he returned to Moscow. The number of
- dead, he reported, was certain to exceed 55,000. Relief workers
- had rescued 15,300, while 514,000 had been left homeless by the
- quake. The cost of rebuilding Armenia: much higher than the
- original estimate of $8 billion. Said a weary Ryzhkov: "A
- disaster is a serious test not only for friends but for
- leaders."
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- The task of reconstruction may pose even greater challenges
- for President Mikhail Gorbachev. The Soviet leader has kept such
- a low profile since cutting short his journey abroad to fly to
- the earthquake zone that he seemed all but eclipsed by Ryzhkov
- in news reports. Gorbachev may have good reasons for turning the
- reconciliation work in Armenia over to others. His prestige
- there has plummeted since Moscow refused to recognize Armenian
- claims to Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly Armenian enclave in
- neighboring Azerbaijan that has been the focus of ethnic strife
- for the past ten months.
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- Such quantities of food, clothing, construction materials
- and other essentials have been flooding in from distant parts of
- the Soviet Union that freight trains were backed up on railroads
- leading into Armenia. But despite the nationwide display of
- generosity, Armenian suspicions of Moscow still run high. Rumors
- continue to circulate that Moscow has exploited the disaster to
- raise its troop strength in the Caucasus republic to 20,000.
- Some military units have been pelted with stones by discontented
- Armenians, who charged that soldiers spent more time checking
- passes than digging out victims.
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- During his visit to Yerevan, Gorbachev expressed puzzlement
- over such ingratitude and lashed out at rumor-mongering
- extremists, labeling them "profiteers sponging on the working
- class" who were "holding the people in their hands by
- intimidation." At least eleven Armenian nationalists, including
- seven members of the Karabakh committee, were rounded up by
- police and sentenced to 30 days in jail for disturbing the
- peace. Four other committee members went into hiding to escape
- the crackdown. In a shrill propaganda campaign, police
- officials have accused the nationalists of stirring up unrest
- and forcibly evicting people from their homes. Government
- patrols reported that while sifting through the rubble in Spitak
- they found a secret cache of automatic rifles and handguns.
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- Sensitive to criticism that the high death toll was due to
- shoddy building methods, Soviet officials pledged last week that
- new housing would be constructed of traditional Armenian stone
- and would be no higher than five stories. All building plans
- would be submitted for public debate "in an atmosphere of
- glasnost." But the promises may sound hollow to those living in
- tent villages, who stubbornly nurse ethnic grievances. "Just
- wait and see," vowed a young Armenian engineer. "Things will be
- quiet for a few months. But the movement will be back, bigger
- and stronger than ever."
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